Now watching

[Pyro ᵛᵉʳᶦᶠᶦᵉᵈ ✔]

Thats the one about mormons

[Tails82]

www.youtube.com/watch?v=44GdgAX879k&t=13m8s

Woodstock vs youth polling (the whole thing is fairly interesting)

[Tails82]

Library of Congress:

www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbLDt6Gi6hw

Lincoln vs courts on slavery, incestuous DC, etc.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWr76dJZ7pw

Dylan goes electric

[Pyro ᵛᵉʳᶦᶠᶦᵉᵈ ✔]

Im currently watching the 100, Ozark, fresh prince, dragon ball z, scrubs, and stranger things.

[little j ᵛᵉʳᶦᶠᶦᵉᵈ ✔]

Which cut of DBZ?

[Pyro ᵛᵉʳᶦᶠᶦᵉᵈ ✔]

Kai

[Pyro ᵛᵉʳᶦᶠᶦᵉᵈ ✔]

Joe Rogan Dan Aykroyd

I was hoping it was more about movies and music not aliens and bigfoot

[Tails82]

www.youtube.com/watch?v=2drOGA_nOJ8

The Spanish empire and Ferdinand's appeals to christendom. Speaker argues that we shouldn't view this era as a clear-cut Christian world, Muslim world fight, since Spain would use similar language against the French that they did against the Turks - sometimes claiming French rulers would be a worse threat for Christians.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=qSDqjUoH67M

Author at 24m, 30m says the peak of Arab contributions to society (algebra, algorithm, etc) should actually not be attributed to this lone Arab peak - arguing central Asia is responsible for many contributions. Fair enough. I think he stretches it a bit when he wants to include certain people in his book and says things like "I'm claiming this thinker as part of central Asia because he was educated along those lines"....eh I think he's stretching it cuz the geography changed, like he says. Things considered part of Iran are not today, for example. But what do I know, this is hardly an area I know a lot about.

I think the takeaway is that the west viewed everything from the east as an Arab contribution because that's how it got filtered over to us. Arab society didn't come up with it, but it made its way to us through them, so it would be Arab works then translated into western works and everyone claiming the origin was Arab because they didn't know any better. The author makes the point that central Asia was doing a heck of a lot of these developments, for example Baghdad was modeled after one of their cities and they had tunnels into the ground to draw up cold air as their form of air conditioning.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=UwokMrXuAH0

One person Woodward talked to had 4 boxes full of top secret materials smuggled out of the White House.

Obama was weak - didnt walk enough, needed treadmill

Hillary claims she pressured Bill into running for pres

Woodward put out inaccurate stories, which he refers to as "mistakes." Asked about his Belushi book, he claims that nobody actually said it was inaccurate and they just didn't like it because Belishi was a drug addict. Other people were falsely accused of being Deep Throat later on and some even had to call up Woodward and beg him to tell people they weren't Deep Throat, or they couldn't get hired anywhere.

When he's gone around and asked if the media was doing a good job with the 2016 campaign, not a single person raised their hand.

[Tails82]

www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwwfg7AK2hY

Is Contemporary Art, Art?

(no)

But if you like a canvas that someone painted black, or a video of a tortured clown, there you go

[Tails82]

www.youtube.com/watch?v=VuSiNL9m4L8&t=1h14m30s

More "poetry" from angry kids. There's also a fat and proud one in there somewhere, I think it was around 40m.

[Tails82]

www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1lPmvcDiLo

"Tetraconch" is a top tier word. Want to hear someone talk about it for an hour? No? Well, here it is anyway.

[Tails82]

www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5O3t_rhA70

Daguerreotypes, their preservation - and why some early photos have traces of cyanide on them (35m)

www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIVKuqsFEUs&t=33m more genius poetry
www.youtube.com/watch?v=hl5glPrSclI&t=1h28m and whatever this is

[Tails82]

www.youtube.com/watch?v=JNGHagc5tQ8&=23m
www.loc.gov/item/webcast-7740

USSR attacks on Kazakh nomads

In the early 1990s, Zhe Abashuli (assumed spelling) spoke about his memories of the Kazakh famine of 1930 to '33, a crisis which transformed the new Soviet Republic of Kazakhstan. "I was still a child, but I could not forget this," Abashuli recalled. "My bones are shaking as these memories come into my mind." During the famine, activists with the Soviet regime had stripped Abashuli's family of their livestock and grain, and starving people fled in every direction. His father's relatives had fled to Soviet -- had fled Soviet Kazakhstan entirely, escaping across the border to China. "For those who remained," Abashuli concluded, "hunger was, quote, a silent enemy." He remembered the arba, or horse-drawn cart that collected the bodies of the dead and dumped them in mass burial grounds on the outskirts of settlements.

Another survivor of the Kazakh famine of 1930 to '33, Nersha Tan Abdahanuli (assumed spelling), then a seven-year-old boy, recalled that he had seen several family members die of hunger before his eyes in the fall of 1932. Other relatives, he heard, perished in a mountain valley as they fled across the border from Kazakhstan to Kyrgyzstan...Though Adbahanuli's grandmother had warned him to stay hidden under blankets during the journey -- children could be kidnapped and eaten by the starving -- Abdahanuli peeked out from underneath, and he saw corpses scattered across the ground, hints of the horrors that lay beyond. As the recollections of these famine survivors reveal, the period 1930 to '33 was a time of almost unimaginable suffering in the Soviet Republic of Kazakhstan. In 1929 Josef Stalin had launched the first five-year plan...

Via collectivization, Moscow sought to bring the food supply, including the production of meat and grain, firmly into the grasp of the state. In the Soviet Union's West, and particularly in places like Ukraine and in the Volga, Don, and Kuban areas of Russia which had large numbers of peasants, devastating famines broke out, taking millions of lives. But if in the Soviet Union's west collectivization took the form of a war on peasant life, in Kazakhstan it took the form of a war on nomadic life...Historically when a Kazakh sedentarized and abandoned nomadic life, he was no longer seen as Kazakh.

This marked a really profound rupture in this region, the Kazakh Steppe. Pastoral nomadism had been the predominant way of life actually for over 4 millennia. It's difficult to determine an exact death toll for the Kazakh famine of 1930 to '33, yet it is clear by any measure that the loss of life was staggering. Out of the total population of 6.5 million people, perhaps 1 1/2 million people, roughly 1/4 of the republic's population, perish in this famine. Decimated by the crisis, Kazakhs actually become a minority in their own Soviet republic.

collectivization was a policy that was repressive, both of the human toll it exacted, as well as self-defeating. In the aftermath of the famine, the republic underwent a total economic collapse.

these oral history accounts were actually collected in 1991, right after the Soviet Union collapsed, when survivors of the famine were finally able to talk about the disaster openly.

In 1928 the Party's war on nomadic life began, and it would escalate by the winter of 1929 to 1930 with collectivization. This assault was led by Kazakhstan's leader and Party secretary, a man named Filipp Goloshchekin. Goloshchekin himself is actually someone who had originally been trained as a dentist but then picked up another career, making a revolution. He joins the Bolsheviks early, prior to 1917. He goes on to gain fame for his revolutionary zeal and toughness. And he's actually renowned in Bolshevik circles. He plays a role in the murder of the czar's family. Later on in 1933 -- it's getting a little bit ahead of the story, but he is removed from his position. He's actually scapegoated with causing the Kazakh famine at the time. Famine today in Kazakhstan is often still referred to as Goloshchekin's genocide. As you can see and you might guess from his death dates, he's actually executed like many others who had old Bolshevik ties in '41 as part of the Party purchase.

With the launch of collectivization in 1929, Moscow declares the onset of a program entitled sedentarization on the basis of full collectivization. This meant that nomads are going to be sped through the Marxist/Leninist timeline of history, that they would be sedentarized and also collectivized simultaneously...Activists began to collectivize nomadic regions. They led the dizzying grain and meat procurements. At times they used the republic's environment to exact maximum damage, actually. They settled Kazakhs in areas of the republic that had no water or were particularly susceptible to drought. The republic's Party Committee begins to pursue also denomadization through other routes, criminalizing a range of practices essential to the maintenance of nomadic life such as Kazakh's slaughter of animals during the wintertime or their ability to migrate across seasonal borders.

Ultimately, the result of this assault, this campaign of denomadization, were both anticipated and unanticipated. In the winter of 1930 famine began. In Kazakhstan, like in other places, Moscow anticipated that this offensive would result in considerable loss of life. And this was seen as a necessary byproduct of this effort to incorporate the region. But Moscow did not anticipate the scale of the famine, and a number of unintended consequences soon emerged. Animal numbers began to plummet rapidly as the Party struggled to develop a form of animal husbandry to take pastoral nomadism's place. Animals that are socialized in large pens for the first time, they begin to contract various diseases, and they parish. Muhammed Shaek Mietov (assumed spelling), a famine survivor, recalled, quote, "An eerie silence hung over the aul. There was no mooing, bleating, or neighing."

As the situation inside Kazakhstan became increasingly desperate, many nomads entered into flight. This was a strategy that nomads often used when political conditions became difficult or when environmental conditions changed. And they use it again now during the famine. With their herd numbers in ruins, those who remained behind faced an almost certain death.

Zayten Akuchv (assumed spelling) who works as a -- who worked as a teacher on the outskirts of Semipalatinsk, a city in the republic's north, remembered touring abandoned settlements on the city's outskirts. Most were empty, but in one hut he found two skeletons intertwined, two lovers trapped in an embrace. The republic itself in this period begins to empty out. Ultimately more than 20% of the republic's population would actually flee Kazakhstan. That's over a million people. This created a regional crisis of unprecedented proportions. And here you can see some people fleeing the famine. I -- my guess is actually they're first-wave refugees. You can see they're actually dressed a little bit better than most of the descriptions of the refugees I encounter in my documents. Moscow framed this tremendous human suffering as a sign of success and progress.

This transitional stage demanded extra vigilance, officials warned, and the Party intensified its assault on nomadism, declaring fantastical plans to settle the Kazakhs even more quickly than before. In neighboring Soviet republics, where starving Kazakhs fled, the tensions between Soviet nationalities, policy, and Soviet economic policy come into sharp relief. Waves of violence broke out as locals seek to expel so-called foreign Kazakhs from their republics, such as Uzbekistan and Russia. And this was particularly striking given that the division of these republics into national territories had been imposed by Moscow on this region just a few years before. Kazakhs in neighboring republics were often lynched or beaten. In Russia, activists round up Kazakhs in railcars and send them back to Kazakhstan, dumping them just across the border.

Inside the republic a desperate struggle for survival continued. Muhammed Shaek Mietov, the famine survivor, remembered, "Everyone was now preoccupied by getting something to eat for the following day, or that same day, or that very moment to relieve their hunger pangs. Even the kindest-hearted people, and closest friends, and relatives could no longer help one another out." Along the republic's railway lines travelers encountered scene of horror. They reported seeing living skeletons with tiny child skeletons in their hands, begging for food. Many peoples turned to substitute foods to survive. Famine survivors remember eating wild grasses or combing through fields to collect the rotting remains of the harvest. Others turned to cannibalism. One of the most pressing problems became the burial of the dead.

When activists had the strength to do it, corpses are dumped on the outskirts of cities. And for those who survived the famine, seeing loved ones buried in this famine was deeply traumatic. These mass burials violated Muslim tradition, which caused for the faces of the dead to be wrapped in cloth and their bodies turned toward Mecca before burial.

Due to the death of more than 90% of the republic's livestock herds, pastoral nomadism as a way of life had all -- been all but extinguished. Moscow had succeeded in doing this, and this would trigger a profound transformation of Kazakh identity. More than a million and a half people had perished, as I mentioned. Though Kazakhstan was a multi-ethnic society, the burden of the suffering fell disproportionately on Kazakhs. And they constituted actually 1.3 million of this death toll of 1.5 million. It's clear that the regime's broader goal was to transform Kazakhs and Kazakhstan radically with little regard for the tremendous loss of life incurred in the process.

while the regime actually sought to carry out Soviet-style modernization, they had actually engineered the republic's total collapse -- economic collapse. Though the republic had previously been Moscow and Leningrad's major meat supplier, some 90% of the republic's animal herds, as I mentioned, perish in this disaster. It would take more than two decades for them to bring the republic's livestock numbers to reach their pre-famine levels. Due to the lack of work animals in the republic in the disaster's aftermath, collective farmers now sewed -- were forced actually to sew the fields by hand. Officials are even forced to purchase livestock from China to build up the republic's livestock base.

in the early 1990s the Kazakh famine is, quote, unquote, discovered. And it is talked about all over scholarly and popular media. There is an -- it's actually even ruled a genocide by people in Kazakhstan. There's a government commission that looks into it.

While many scholars imply that the regime's treatment of Ukrainians was unique, my work shows that there was a far broader swath of terror in this period. Many of the brutal tactics used in Ukraine, such as the closure of borders so that the starving peasants could not flee, were actually used first in Kazakhstan.

These policies were cruel, but they were also counterproductive. They were repressive, but they were also self-defeating. Soviet modernization was supposed to build a stronger state, but in reality it would take the republic several decades to recover from this economic devastation.

[Tails82]

www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJSl0SzdRtc

This underrated performance deserves more views

[Tails82]

www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZA-ozE4tLUo

Skiffle!...and why it's not remembered

www.youtube.com/watch?v=bsDj6CcDgSk

WWI programs. Mapping development, challenges etc.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=unk5SdM8Sos

Fake news

Certainly in relation to the First World War, the assassination of a single archduke, even if he were heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, may well appear trivial.

Yet in its proper geopolitical context, Sarajevo was nothing less than earth-shattering. After all, it had been barely five years since Austria's annexation of Bosnia led to the Bosnian crisis, which almost led to a European war. And in light of the nationalist feelings in the region and Serbia's accelerated irredentism since the two Balkan wars in 1912 and 1913, no one had any illusions as to the danger the archduke courted when he went to Bosnia, let alone drove through its capital in a convertible on a Serb national holiday. The emperor himself had been stalked by an assassin when he visited Bosnia four years earlier. His nephew's murder there four years later was anything but thoughtless; it was a highly purposeful act of political violence. Yet rather than censure the novelist, Selden Edwards, whose artistic license arguably allows him some factual leeway, academics and other assumed experts have contributed to the construction of the assassination as tiny and thoughtless. Around the time of the centenary two years ago in the ^ITNew York Times^NO, the Oxford historian Margaret McMillan referred to the political murder as quote, "A random event in an Austro-Hungarian backwater" end quote. And pre-dating this perspective there's 100-year history of reducing Sarajevo to fate, fluke, chance, and accident and the city itself, along with Bosnia and the Balkans in general, to obscure savage, primitive, remote, and in a word irrelevant, quote "A ridiculous mouse" -- the Sarajevo assassination -- that it probably induced, quote, "Towering mountain ranges into labor," wrote one British scholar. In the 1930's an American journalist decreed it quote, "An intolerable affront to human and political nature that these parochial, and miserable, and wretched, and shriveled little countries in the Balkans can and do have quarrels that cause world wars," end quote. The same holds for the randomness issue, Princip intentions. There's no shortage of scholarly works that use language which easily lends itself to the notion that sheer coincidence brought Franz Ferdinand face to face with his assassin.

According to Yale historian and my mentor, John Merriman's highly successful textbook, ^ITA History of Modern Europe^NO, "Princip just happened to be only a few feet from the archduke's car," end quote. The historian Hew Strachan, one of the great historians of World War I in his book, ^ITThe First World War^NO, the assassin was quote, "Loitering on the corner when the successor's car suddenly appeared." And in an article published -- I can give you thousands of examples. In an article published in the recent issue of the ^ITJournal of Modern History^NO, the author writes that the Gavrilo Princip was quote, "Milling about, ruminating on his group's failed attempt when the car suddenly stopped right in front of him." Besides the author's sense that he can read the assassin's mind, the historian, as many before him, also seems to have overlooked the fact that Princip was doing his milling about or his loitering at the precise spot the procession was supposed to turn according to the well-publicized itinerary.

That's why Princip was standing there. Not to mention the fact that he had a gun and a grenade in his pocket. But was he also eating a sandwich, as the 2003 BBC documentary ^ITDays That Shook the World^NO first reported? Well, in case you haven't heard, the conspirators called off their effort after the bomb missed its mark, but Gavrilo Princip, understandably starving from spending, you know, the morning in the hot summer sun, headed to Mortiz Schiller's Delicatessen for a bite to eat. And here two destinies collided to steer history in its diabolic direction as Princip turned up from his lunch to see the car stalled squarely in front of him. The only question is why the half-eaten sandwich never made it into a museum and obviously what kind of sandwich it was.

It's not as whimsical as it sounds. One teacher offered his students extra credit if they could find out what kind of sandwich it was. By the way, all my students incoming now have heard the sandwich story. That wasn't true ten years ago, but now it is. And besides classrooms, the story has seeped into serious works. One historian, ^ITA Concise History of Western Civilization^NO -- this is a historian published by a serious academic press, 2011 -- has the sandwich. Nicholas Rankin's Oxford University Press published book on British cunning in the two world wars, Gavrilo Princip is quote, "Consoling himself with a sandwich when the archduke drops in." And I can give you lots more examples of serious university-publisher books. Quote, "Whoever made the sandwich Gavrilo Princip ate on June 28th, 1914 has a lot to answer for," reads the first sentence of an article in the ^ITLos Angeles Times^NO by the science writer for ^ITTime^NO magazine.

Indeed they do. In the case of the sandwich, the myth moved in the other direction, that is, the story first appeared in a Brazilian novel that just happened to be translated into English at the same time the BBC director was working on his documentary. In other words, you can't find before 2003 any reference to a sandwich. Only in 2003 and after the BBC documentary comes out that you start seeing references to him eating a sandwich as the archduke's car pulls up.